Process of obtaining ammonia.



N. CARO. PROCESS 0F OBTAINING AMMONIA. LPBLIO'ATION funn 15.3.23, 1909.

Witnesses.

, UliTED' STATES PATENT OFFICE. i Y

' Be it known that I, Nixonnii' CARO, a substance ofthe .peat issimultancoinalv v subject of the King 'of I russisn residing athydrolyzed and ammonia formed. gasouf l j l" 20 Meiiieckestrasse,Berlin, Germany, have valuable calorific intensity suitable for heat.-v.v invented certain new and useful Improveing and power purposes' canvbeprofitable so Y inents in Processes of Obtainin Ammonia ;V obtained andthe nitrogen 'convoi-teil intb. K l?" :1nd I do hereby declare the folowing to be ammonia and a good output. of the latter i )l Yj 'a full,lcleaigand exact Ydescription of the obtained. n y i mventwnu t v Inconsequence of the manner in which Y v- The objectof my invention is toprovide peat forms, it always contains somewhat '651,

an improved process of obtaining ammonia large quantities of. waterwhich can be rei.' i' v and consists in `gasifying peat, or otherY ducedfor example to 20'); by an economical highly oxygenous organic materialscontain mode of drying this material, namcliY 'natf ing nitrogen andwater bysupplying limural drying, but this is onlyY the solcallcd i itedquantities of air an an excess of steam, summer-peat, whereas, as to therest` onlv a 70 whereby thelnitrogen of the treated material materialhaving 40% of water obtained is obtained as ammonia `or compounds offlon an average. The peat substance is'coinammonia onthe one hand, and onthe other posed on an average of 607( carbon, hy-,y Y hand protablecombustible gases, adapted drogen and 35% oxygen. Accordinglv. fordriving motors for exam le, it being when the gaseous or vaporousproducts are 75 understood that,` peat is selecte merely'as a beingdistilled off, the peat. substance yields typical example in thisspecification of such more than 37% water. Now if peat. isY or anicmaterials. v treated in such manner that. wateris evolvedk t IV'hen peatis gasiti'ed inthe customary at a relatively high tempera e, so that .fmanner in producers, the yield of gas is not simultaneously with tbedisengagement yof 80 Y A ns large as may be, and of nitrogen in the thewater,iliydrolysis place. then a porform of ammonia does not correspondsniiition of the volatile substance of the peat is ciently to thepercentage of nitrogen in the obtained as gas 'of useful `caloriticintensity, treated material. The reasonA for this is and the greatestpart ofthe nitrogen of the v that the process in this gasification is aspeat is converted into ammonia and. protect- 85 follows: hamelv, theprocessis such that at ed by the steam, and is obtained with the first.water is liberated from thepeat in the gases. Accordingly, I take carethat the upper parts of the producer, by va'poriza-V high temperaturenecessary tor the hydroly`A tion, or the peat is decom osed, water beingsis exists in the zone where water' .s usenformed chemically and ikewiseescaping. gaged.' According to my inreiuimr this obY 9o In consequenceofthis vaporization of the-'ject can be obtained by. subjecting thenimechanica-lly'existing, or chemically formed, trogenous organicmaterial. :is the most, or bound water, there is a very low temperaprominent example ofr whirliv t isselectetl t ture in this zone and thepeat is decomposed for the above t'tescription. i rnc treatment -40without gases of appreciable caloritic value .in rodncers-to which themixture of air 95' being formed and without the nitrogenous wit anexcess of steam is supplied prefer Substance being hydrolyzed, andconseably at. as many places as possible. In this uently without ammoniabeing formed. manner part of t ie combustible gas formed here thenyremains a solid, nitrogenous in the zone in which water is liberated.and residue which, however, owing to the actionV art ofthe combustiblegas formed in the 100L of the steam. is vaporizedk and hydrolyzed limerzone as Well as part of the distillation only with very reat diliicultyand imper= gas formed in the lower zone are bui-ned and fectly, soy thaton y a poor output of vas and produce locally the high temperatureuccvery poor output of ammonia is o tained essary for thehyd'rolysis.The quantity o' g when such a mode of working is employed the steamwhich is employed' must not be m5' 'in theproducer. -If peat be treated,liowless than i; ton er ton of the material to be ever, by supplyinglimited quantities of air worked up, an its pressure preferably not andan exss of steam in such a manner under Q50 mm. of water. Y Y that themechanicall o r chemically bound, In order that thc invention maj, beclearly or chemically formed understood reference 'will'be mad.: to theac- 130 'To' all wwm 'it may concern: Y i

water, escapes at' such Specification of Letters Patent. H VPatentedSept?, 1910,

v Application tiledmarcli 23. 1809A 'Serial No. 485,153. .T

a high temperature that the nitrogeiious coinpanying drawing inlwh'ichapparatus responding parts in al1 views.

ducer that when the latter is for carrying the prcess into practice isrepresented by way of'exainple, :ind in which:

l"`iguro l is :in elevation partly in section showingl oiie form ofreducer, Fig. 2 is a like view of a modified) form, and Eig. 3 is a likeview 'of a third itorm.

Similar reference characteis VReferring to the drawing and particu--lar-ly to Fig. 1, the material, for example peut, isfed into theproducer a through Vthe iopper l which is so connected with the prof'being charged noair can enter; this can becarried into practice in knownmanner by.' means of a double closure. This producer is provided with ajacket c in such manner'that the. central part of the producer can beshutoff provided wahho from the top and bottom portions of the.jacketing chamber by transversepartitions d and e. The to part of thegenerator is lbs f for conducting away the escaping gases ywhich canthen be away throu rh vthe dischar e pipe g.- -Tliis pipe ymay aso,however, e connected di rectly with the producer a`s shown in Fig. 2..The mixture of air with'an excess of steam vis introduced through theadmission ppfe Il.. into the central yjaclreting chamberand ity canpenetrate through the holes at many places intothe peat in the producer,whilerr ti' like mixture of air and' steam .is supplied through the pipek to the bottoni part o the producer, whose,w'all is here fermedlike aate, inte the material after the same has n ignited at' the beginning oftheprocess in Vthis bottom parte. The whole apparatus is closed below bymeans of water, as clearly through the numerous holes i into the upper wpart of the charge and brings about gasification witli hydrolyzingaction in such inanner that the nitrogen -for the most part is convertedinto ammonia which escapes with the combustible gases which are therebyforced through the holes f and discharge pipe y and can be thenconducted to the ammonia absorbers, from which the rcmaining combustiblegases can be taken away for employment as illuminating, heating or powergases o.' the like. The process can be carried into practice similarlywhen an apparatus as shown in Fig. 2 is employed. In this. apparatus theholes f and z' s own in whereby the products of com heating gases whichare formed are also soy 1 also not necessary here, and the su pipe hisalsouiinecessziry-` The. f w ic pass through the nok-s f intot c chamber.massa i the grate-l e casing is enlarged in suoi manner that thedescribed mixture of air `and steam can pass through the air spaces tothe hydrolyzing zone, as in the apparatus. according to Fig. 1 throughthe holes i. In denote eor\` this event the bottom closure c of thejacketing chamber is superiiuoua The mixture of air and. steaml passesthrough the supply ypipe 'h between 'the air spaces of the grate, whichextends' far intothe yapparatus, into the hydrolyzing zon'e, and alikemixture of air andl steamisintroduced through the pi [c from below inaddition into the material which .is4 being,r treated.- The process ver,a so he carried into practice by sizppyf ing the described mixture ofair and steam 'it one place,` but` highly super-heating it before itsadmission in sach manner that high temperatures arev produced in thecom- .bustion zone of t e producer particularly,

`iistioii and AFig. 1 are 'oiiiftted 0n the lother hand, the v part ofthe pcroducer which `is -surrounded.b

1,1' Jrdin to the present invention may. how

highly superheated that. the produce the highl temperature necessary orthe hydro. lyzation 1nv ractically the entire hydrolyz ing zone. hismode of work-ing may also be carried into practice, forfexamp, byconstructing for the same the producer as represented in Fi 3, which inroportion to its breadth is re ativelv high, wh combustion zone is greaty increased in roportion to the hydrolyzing zone, so that ere erebythe ii also the. products of combustion, which form in relatively largequantities in such a case,

are superheated and practically the entire hydrolyzingV zone issuperheated. Conseyquently, Fig. 3 shows only one pipe k for supplyingair and steam. `The `relatively long side wall of the has the holes fonly in its tsp portion for conducting away the escaping gases andthereducir a. is not pro- 1 vided with the holes c shown in Fig. 1, but

iio

ammonia. Consequently, the :op partition'` inclosed by the jacket c areled away through the discharge pipe r1 .from` the producer a vand canthen be conducted to the znmonia absorbers. which, since theydo not'form partV of the invention, are not shcwnfin 'the' drawing, and`fromwvhich the rena-ming izof combustible gases can bev 'removed ad em.

ploycd at will ne illuminating, heengor power gases.

A min-rature iu the hydroiyzing zone of nf. Imis-f 25o for the. abovedescribed process, of which C. is' necessary m every case difi'ciciitmodos of caii'vitl the same into practice have been describe; ind it isalso n. characltristic feature of the invention that the gases leavingthe 4producer have "a teniquantity perature which .is higher than v100"C., althouvh the material treated, peat for example, havingpup to 50% ofwater is emg played for being gasified. f

An important advanta e of-my process vconsists in it being possib e toemploy peat dried in hea s, namely material which can be obtained urinthe ent-ire year vfrom the e peat moors and w ich contains from 40% to607(l of water. Not only is about 80% of the nitrogencontainel in 'thepeat obtained in the form of ammonia, but also a large sponds toapproximately 1000 .horse-power hours per ton o gasied material, calcu--lated with reference to dry material.

'I claim:

1. The process of obtaining ammonia from f i organic materialhavingahlgh oxygen and nitrogen content which comprises charging thematerial into a gas producer, maintaining a sufficiently rapidcombustion in the. lool'er part of the charge Ato produce a tem peratureinthe -upper part of the charge sulicicnt to simultaneously vaporize thewater -and" lecolnpose the material of the charge at the same pointthereof and supplying tothe charge -a large quantity of combustible gaswhich corre-- rplying to the charge nitrogen content which" comprisescharging l the material into a gasproducer, maintaining a combustion inthe lower (partei the charge suiciently rapid to pro nce a temperaturein the upper part of the cha e` sufficient to simu teneously vaporize te water and decompose the material ofl the charge at the same pointthereof, and supsuperheated vsteam with a small quantity of an'.

7- In testimony that I yclaim the foregoing as my invention, I havesigned my name in presence of two siibscribing witnesses.

` NIKODEM CARO. Witnesses: I,

HENRY Hast-sn,

, `WoLonMAR HAUPT.'

a largggA quantity of aro-1

